\n\nQuick Guide: Use
\n@planetscale/databasefor edge/serverless MySQL access via HTTP (Fetch API). UseClientto create per-request connections,conn.execute()for parameterized queries, andconn.transaction()for atomic operations. Never run DDL directly on production -- use deploy requests with safe migrations enabled. PlanetScale runs on Vitess: foreign keys are supported but opt-in, stored procedures are not supported, and all schema changes go through online DDL. The built-incasthandles regular integers and floats automatically, but provide a customcastfor BigInt, Date, and boolean columns. Branch your database like git branches for dev/preview environments.
<critical_requirements>
\n\n\nAll code must follow project conventions in CLAUDE.md (kebab-case, named exports, import ordering,
\nimport type, named constants)
(You MUST use conn.execute(sql, params) with parameterized queries -- never interpolate user input into SQL strings)
(You MUST use deploy requests for ALL schema changes on production branches with safe migrations enabled -- direct DDL is rejected)
\n(You MUST create a fresh Client.connection() per request in serverless environments -- do not reuse connections across invocations)
(You MUST handle the Vitess/MySQL compatibility differences: no stored procedures, no RENAME COLUMN via direct DDL, no := operator, no LOAD DATA INFILE)
(You MUST provide a custom cast function for BigInt (INT64/UINT64), Date (DATETIME/TIMESTAMP), and boolean (TINYINT(1)) columns -- the default cast handles regular integers and floats but leaves these as strings)
</critical_requirements>
\nAuto-detection: PlanetScale, @planetscale/database, planetscale serverless driver, pscale, deploy request, safe migrations, Vitess, database branching, planetscale branch, planetscale boost, mysql serverless, pscale CLI, planetscale connection
\nWhen to use:
\n@planetscale/database (host/username/password or URL)pscale CLIKey patterns covered:
\nconnect() / Client connection setup with host, username, passwordconn.execute() with positional (?) and named (:param) parametersconn.transaction() for atomic multi-statement operationscast functions for type-safe value conversion (BigInt, Date, boolean)pscale CLI for branch and deploy request managementWhen NOT to use:
\nmysql2 driver)Detailed Resources:
\nDriver & Queries:
\nBranching & Schema Changes:
\n<decision_framework>
\nWhat is the runtime environment?\n+-- Edge/serverless (Cloudflare Workers, Vercel Edge, etc.)\n| +-- Use @planetscale/database (HTTP-based, no TCP needed)\n+-- Traditional Node.js server (always-on)\n| +-- Need PlanetScale branching/deploy workflow?\n| | +-- YES --> @planetscale/database works fine (HTTP)\n| | +-- NO --> mysql2 driver with TCP may be simpler\n+-- ORM integration?\n +-- Check your ORM's docs for its PlanetScale/serverless adapter\nHow many connections per process?\n+-- Single connection (scripts, simple handlers) --> connect()\n+-- Multiple connections (serverless, per-request) --> Client + client.connection()\nIs the target branch a production branch with safe migrations?\n+-- YES --> Deploy requests ONLY (direct DDL is rejected)\n| +-- Simple change (add column, add index) --> Standard deploy request\n| +-- Needs controlled cutover timing --> Gated deployment (--disable-auto-apply)\n| +-- Instant-eligible change --> Deploy with --instant flag\n+-- NO (development branch) --> Direct DDL is allowed\n +-- Experimenting --> pscale shell <db> <branch>\n +-- Scripted migration --> Connect to branch, run DDL\nDo you need foreign key constraints?\n+-- YES --> Enable in database settings (opt-in)\n| +-- Aware of limitations?\n| | +-- Deploy requests don't validate existing referential integrity\n| | +-- Reverts can create orphaned rows\n| | +-- Performance impact in high-concurrency workloads\n| +-- Sharded database? --> FK only supported on unsharded databases\n+-- NO --> Use application-level referential integrity\n +-- ORM-level relationship definitions\n +-- Application validation before INSERT/DELETE\n</decision_framework>
\n<red_flags>
\nHigh Priority Issues:
\nconn.execute(\\SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = '$'`)bypasses parameterization. Always use?or:param` placeholders with the params argument.ALTER TABLE statements are silently rejected on production branches with safe migrations enabled. All schema changes must go through deploy requests.cast for these types.Medium Priority Issues:
\nRENAME COLUMN in deploy requests -- Column renames can be destructive through Vitess online DDL. Use the three-step pattern: add new column, migrate data, drop old column.ALTER TABLE ADD FOREIGN KEY. Orphaned rows will silently remain.Common Mistakes:
\n@planetscale/database, not planetscale, mysql-planetscale, or @planetscale/serverless.@planetscale/database does not do client-side connection pooling. PlanetScale handles pooling at the infrastructure level (Vitess VTTablet + Global Routing). Do not wrap it in a pool library.execute() call uses either ? with an array OR :param with an object. Never mix them.mysql2 compatibility -- @planetscale/database has a different API from mysql2. There is no pool.query(), no connection.query(). The API is conn.execute(sql, params).CREATE DATABASE or DROP DATABASE -- Database creation/deletion is managed via the PlanetScale dashboard, API, or pscale CLI, not SQL.Gotchas & Edge Cases:
\nSELECT count(*) as total returns { total: 42 } (INT64 is an exception -- it stays as \"42\" string). DATETIME returns \"2024-01-15 10:30:00\". Regular INT32 and FLOAT types are auto-converted.rowsAffected is 0 for SELECT -- Only DML statements (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE) populate rowsAffected. For SELECT, check rows.length or size.insertId is a string -- Even though MySQL auto-increment IDs are integers, insertId in the result is always a string. Cast if needed: BigInt(result.insertId).transaction() callback (it runs client-side), but each tx.execute() is an HTTP round trip.DATETIME values lack timezone -- MySQL DATETIME is stored without timezone info. The driver returns it as a string like \"2024-01-15 10:30:00\". Append \"Z\" when parsing as UTC, or handle timezone explicitly.execute() calls.SET sql_mode = '...' only lasts for the current connection. On PlanetScale's HTTP driver, that means a single request. Global SQL mode changes are not allowed.@@boost_cached_queries = true in a session SET before the boosted query. Not all queries are eligible.--instant on a deploy request uses MySQL's ALGORITHM=INSTANT and skips the revert window entirely.</red_flags>
\n<critical_reminders>
\n\n\nAll code must follow project conventions in CLAUDE.md (kebab-case, named exports, import ordering,
\nimport type, named constants)
(You MUST use conn.execute(sql, params) with parameterized queries -- never interpolate user input into SQL strings)
(You MUST use deploy requests for ALL schema changes on production branches with safe migrations enabled -- direct DDL is rejected)
\n(You MUST create a fresh Client.connection() per request in serverless environments -- do not reuse connections across invocations)
(You MUST handle the Vitess/MySQL compatibility differences: no stored procedures, no RENAME COLUMN via direct DDL, no := operator, no LOAD DATA INFILE)
(You MUST provide a custom cast function for BigInt (INT64/UINT64), Date (DATETIME/TIMESTAMP), and boolean (TINYINT(1)) columns -- the default cast handles regular integers and floats but leaves these as strings)
Failure to follow these rules will cause SQL injection vulnerabilities, failed deploy requests, or silent type coercion bugs.
\n</critical_reminders>
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