\n\nQuick Guide: Use
\n@neondatabase/serverlessfor edge/serverless database access. Prefer theneon()HTTP function for single queries (faster, stateless) andPool/Clientfor interactive transactions. Use pooled connection strings (-poolersuffix) for serverless workloads, direct connections only for migrations. Branch your database for dev/preview environments using copy-on-write semantics. Always handle cold starts from scale-to-zero (200-500ms wake-up).
<critical_requirements>
\n\n\nAll code must follow project conventions in CLAUDE.md (kebab-case, named exports, import ordering,
\nimport type, named constants)
(You MUST use the neon() HTTP function for single queries in edge/serverless runtimes -- it is 2-3x faster than WebSocket for one-shot operations)
(You MUST close Pool/Client connections within the same request handler in serverless environments -- WebSocket connections cannot outlive a single request)
(You MUST use pooled connection strings (-pooler suffix) for serverless workloads -- direct connections exhaust the limited connection slots)
(You MUST handle scale-to-zero wake-up latency (200-500ms) with appropriate connection timeouts and retry logic)
\n(You MUST use sql.unsafe() only for trusted, known-safe strings like table/column names -- never for user input)
</critical_requirements>
\nAuto-detection: Neon, @neondatabase/serverless, neon(), neonConfig, neon serverless driver, neon database, neon branch, neonctl, neon connection pooling, neon scale-to-zero, neon autoscaling, neon postgres, ep-*-pooler
\nWhen to use:
\nKey patterns covered:
\nneon() HTTP queries with SQL tagged templates and composable fragmentsPool/Client WebSocket connections with proper lifecycle management-pooler) vs direct connection strings and when to use eachsql.transaction() for non-interactive HTTP transactionsWhen NOT to use:
\npg driver with TCP)Detailed Resources:
\nDriver & Queries:
\nBranching & Operations:
\n<decision_framework>
\nneon()) vs WebSocket (Pool/Client)What kind of database operation?\n+-- Single query (SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE)\n| +-- YES --> Use neon() HTTP function (fastest, ~3 round trips)\n+-- Multiple queries that must be atomic?\n| +-- Can all queries be determined upfront (non-interactive)?\n| | +-- YES --> Use sql.transaction() over HTTP\n| | +-- NO --> Use Pool/Client over WebSocket\n+-- Need node-postgres (pg) API compatibility?\n| +-- YES --> Use Pool/Client over WebSocket\n+-- Running in edge runtime (no TCP)?\n +-- YES --> Use @neondatabase/serverless (HTTP or WebSocket)\n +-- NO --> Standard pg driver with TCP may be simpler\nWhat is the workload?\n+-- Serverless function / edge function --> Pooled (-pooler)\n+-- Web application (many concurrent requests) --> Pooled (-pooler)\n+-- Schema migration --> Direct (needs session state)\n+-- pg_dump / pg_restore --> Direct (uses SET statements)\n+-- LISTEN / NOTIFY --> Direct (session-level feature)\n+-- Long-running analytics query --> Direct (avoid pool contention)\n+-- Default / unsure --> Pooled (-pooler)\nWhat do you need the branch for?\n+-- Developer working on a feature --> Dev branch (long-lived, manually managed)\n+-- PR preview environment --> Preview branch (TTL expiration, auto-cleanup on merge)\n+-- CI test run --> Ephemeral branch (short TTL, schema-only if data-sensitive)\n+-- Database recovery --> Restore from branch history (up to 30 days on Scale plan)\n+-- Load testing --> Branch from production (copy-on-write, no storage cost until diverge)\n</decision_framework>
\n<red_flags>
\nHigh Priority Issues:
\nPool in serverless -- Creating a Pool outside the request handler in edge/serverless functions leaks WebSocket connections. Pool/Client must be created, used, and closed within a single request.-pooler) connections.sql.unsafe() -- sql.unsafe() embeds raw SQL without parameterization. It exists only for trusted identifiers (table/column names). User input in sql.unsafe() is a SQL injection vulnerability.Medium Priority Issues:
\npool.end() in serverless -- Forgetting to call pool.end() after using WebSocket connections exhausts available connections across invocations.SET statements through pooled connections -- PgBouncer transaction mode resets session state after each transaction. Use ALTER ROLE ... SET for role-level defaults or use direct connections.Common Mistakes:
\n@neondatabase/serverless, not neon-serverless or pg-neon.ws package on Node.js <= v21 -- Node.js versions before v22 lack built-in WebSocket support. When using Pool/Client, install ws and set neonConfig.webSocketConstructor = ws. Node.js v22+ has native WebSocket and needs no extra setup.neon() result as a function instead of tagged template -- sql(\"SELECT ...\") is a type error since v1.0. Use sql`SELECT ...` (tagged template).Gotchas & Edge Cases:
\narrayMode: true on individual queries inside sql.transaction() is ignored. Set it on the transaction itself.neonctl branches create --schema-only or the REST API with \"init_source\": \"schema-only\". Schema-only branches require exactly one read-write compute endpoint.@neondatabase/serverless (v1.0+) requires Node.js 19 or higher.</red_flags>
\n<critical_reminders>
\n\n\nAll code must follow project conventions in CLAUDE.md (kebab-case, named exports, import ordering,
\nimport type, named constants)
(You MUST use the neon() HTTP function for single queries in edge/serverless runtimes -- it is 2-3x faster than WebSocket for one-shot operations)
(You MUST close Pool/Client connections within the same request handler in serverless environments -- WebSocket connections cannot outlive a single request)
(You MUST use pooled connection strings (-pooler suffix) for serverless workloads -- direct connections exhaust the limited connection slots)
(You MUST handle scale-to-zero wake-up latency (200-500ms) with appropriate connection timeouts and retry logic)
\n(You MUST use sql.unsafe() only for trusted, known-safe strings like table/column names -- never for user input)
Failure to follow these rules will cause connection exhaustion, SQL injection vulnerabilities, or intermittent cold-start failures.
\n</critical_reminders>
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